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Lloyd's List was founded in Edward Lloyd's England coffee shop in 1734 and though its online platform is still updated daily it has not been published as a magazine since 2013 after 274 years. The oldest consumer magazine still in print is The Scots Magazine, which was first published in 1739, though multiple changes in ownership and gaps in publication totalling over 90 years weaken that claim. Founded by Herbert Ingram in 1842, The Illustrated London News was the first illustrated magazine.
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Edward Cave, who edited The Gentleman's Magazine under the pen name "Sylvanus Urban", was the first to use the term "magazine", on the analogy of a military storehouse. The Gentleman's Magazine, first published in 1731 in London was the first general-interest magazine. The earliest example of magazines was Erbauliche Monaths Unterredungen, a literary and philosophy magazine, which was launched in 1663 in Germany. History įront cover of 1 October 1892 issue of The Illustrated London News For the global media industry, an example would be VideoAge International. For example, in the United Kingdom, a number of computer-industry magazines use this model, including Computer Weekly and Computing, and in finance, Waters Magazine. This latter model was widely used before the rise of the World Wide Web and is still employed by some titles. This allows a high level of certainty that advertisements will be received by the advertiser's target audience, and it avoids wasted printing and distribution expenses.
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Because of costs (e.g., printing and postage) associated with the medium of print, publishers may not distribute free copies to everyone who requests one (unqualified leads) instead, they operate under controlled circulation, deciding who may receive free subscriptions based on each person's qualification as a member of the trade (and likelihood of buying, for example, likelihood of having corporate purchasing authority, as determined from job title).
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This is the model used by many trade magazines (industry-based periodicals) distributed only to qualifying readers, often for free and determined by some form of survey. Because this model involves giving issues away to unspecific populations, the statistics only entail the number of issues distributed, and not who reads them. This means that there is no cover price and issues are given away, for example in street dispensers, airline, or included with other products or publications. Paid circulation allows for defined readership statistics. In this model, the magazine is sold to readers for a price, either on a per-issue basis or by subscription, where an annual fee or monthly price is paid and issues are sent by post to readers. The traditional subscription business models for distribution fall into three main categories: Electronic distribution methods can include social media, email, news aggregators, and visibility of a publication's website and search engine results. Print magazines can be distributed through the mail, through sales by newsstands, bookstores, or other vendors, or through free distribution at selected pick-up locations. This explains why magazine publications share the word with gunpowder magazines, artillery magazines, firearm magazines, and in French and Russian (adopted from French as магазин), retailers such as department stores. In the case of written publication, it refers to a collection of written articles. In its original sense, the word "magazine" referred to a storage space or device.
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The word "magazine" derives from Middle French magasin meaning "warehouse, depot, store", from Italian magazzino, from Arabic makhazin, the plural of makhzan meaning "storehouse". That a publication calls itself a journal does not make it a journal in the technical sense The Wall Street Journal is actually a newspaper.
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Non-peer-reviewed academic or professional publications are generally professional magazines. Some professional or trade publications are also peer-reviewed, for example the Journal of Accountancy. Thus Business Week, which starts each issue anew with page one, is a magazine, but the Journal of Business Communication, which continues the same sequence of pagination throughout the coterminous year, is a journal. In the technical sense a journal has continuous pagination throughout a volume. 4.3 Celebrity, human interest, and gossip.